PMID- 34696485
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211110
LR  - 20220528
IS  - 1999-4915 (Electronic)
IS  - 1999-4915 (Linking)
VI  - 13
IP  - 10
DP  - 2021 Oct 13
TI  - SARS-CoV-2 Spike Impairs DNA Damage Repair and Inhibits V(D)J Recombination In 
      Vitro.
LID - 10.3390/v13102056 [doi]
LID - 2056
AB  - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to the 
      coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, severely affecting public health 
      and the global economy. Adaptive immunity plays a crucial role in fighting 
      against SARS-CoV-2 infection and directly influences the clinical outcomes of 
      patients. Clinical studies have indicated that patients with severe COVID-19 
      exhibit delayed and weak adaptive immune responses; however, the mechanism by 
      which SARS-CoV-2 impedes adaptive immunity remains unclear. Here, by using an in 
      vitro cell line, we report that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein significantly 
      inhibits DNA damage repair, which is required for effective V(D)J recombination 
      in adaptive immunity. Mechanistically, we found that the spike protein localizes 
      in the nucleus and inhibits DNA damage repair by impeding key DNA repair protein 
      BRCA1 and 53BP1 recruitment to the damage site. Our findings reveal a potential 
      molecular mechanism by which the spike protein might impede adaptive immunity and 
      underscore the potential side effects of full-length spike-based vaccines.
FAU - Jiang, Hui
AU  - Jiang H
AD  - Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm 
      University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
AD  - Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, SE-90185 Umeå, 
      Sweden.
FAU - Mei, Ya-Fang
AU  - Mei YF
AD  - Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, SE-90185 Umeå, 
      Sweden.
LA  - eng
GR  - 3453 16032,ALF-Basenhet 2020, 2021, AMP 19-982, and LP 20-2256/Umeå University, 
      ALF-Basenhet,the Lion's Cancer Research Foundation/
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Retracted Publication
DEP - 20211013
TA  - Viruses
JT  - Viruses
JID - 101509722
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Neutralizing)
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Viral)
RN  - 0 (BRCA1 Protein)
RN  - 0 (BRCA1 protein, human)
RN  - 0 (COVID-19 Vaccines)
RN  - 0 (Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus)
RN  - 0 (TP53BP1 protein, human)
RN  - 0 (Tumor Suppressor p53-Binding Protein 1)
RN  - 0 (spike protein, SARS-CoV-2)
SB  - IM
ECI - Viruses. 2021 Dec 22;14(1):. PMID: 35062216
RIN - Viruses. 2022 May 10;14(5):. PMID: 35632859
MH  - Adaptive Immunity/*immunology
MH  - Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood/immunology
MH  - Antibodies, Viral/blood/immunology
MH  - BRCA1 Protein/antagonists & inhibitors
MH  - CD4 Lymphocyte Count
MH  - CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
MH  - COVID-19/*pathology
MH  - COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - DNA Damage/genetics
MH  - DNA Repair/*genetics
MH  - HEK293 Cells
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunity, Humoral/immunology
MH  - Immunosuppression Therapy
MH  - SARS-CoV-2/genetics/*immunology
MH  - Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/*genetics/immunology
MH  - T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
MH  - Tumor Suppressor p53-Binding Protein 1/antagonists & inhibitors
MH  - V(D)J Recombination/*genetics
PMC - PMC8538446
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - *DNA damage repair
OT  - *SARS–CoV–2
OT  - *V(D)J recombination
OT  - *spike
OT  - *vaccine
COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. The funders had no 
      role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or 
      preparation of the manuscript.
EDAT- 2021/10/27 06:00
MHDA- 2021/11/11 06:00
CRDT- 2021/10/26 01:03
PHST- 2021/08/20 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/09/08 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/10/08 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/10/26 01:03 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/10/27 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/11/11 06:00 [medline]
AID - v13102056 [pii]
AID - viruses-13-02056 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/v13102056 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Viruses. 2021 Oct 13;13(10):2056. doi: 10.3390/v13102056.